Assessing the Effectiveness of the International Criminal Court in Prosecuting International Crimes

Abstract Book of the 10th World Conference on Social Sciences and Humanities

Year: 2026

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Assessing the Effectiveness of the International Criminal Court in Prosecuting International Crimes

Dr. Mihai Ștefănoaia

ABSTRACT:

The establishment of the International Criminal Court represented a significant development in the evolution of international criminal justice, aiming to combat impunity for the gravest crimes affecting the international community. As a permanent judicial institution, the Court exercises jurisdiction over genocide, crimes against humanity, war crimes, and the crime of aggression, seeking to ensure accountability where national jurisdictions are unwilling or unable to prosecute such offenses effectively. Despite its ambitious mandate, the effectiveness of the International Criminal Court (ICC) remains the subject of intense legal, political, and academic debate.
This paper examines the extent to which the ICC has succeeded in repressing international crimes and strengthening the global system of criminal accountability. The analysis focuses on the Court’s institutional framework, jurisdictional limitations, prosecutorial practices, and cooperation mechanisms with member states. Particular attention is paid to the challenges generated by state sovereignty, political influence, selective justice accusations, and difficulties in enforcing arrest warrants. The study also evaluates the impact of the Court’s jurisprudence on the development of international criminal law and the protection of fundamental human rights.
Furthermore, the research explores several emblematic cases and contemporary geopolitical contexts that have tested the authority and legitimacy of the ICC. By assessing both the achievements and shortcomings of the institution, the paper argues that while the ICC has contributed significantly to the consolidation of international criminal justice, its effectiveness remains dependent on international cooperation, political support, and the consistent enforcement of international legal norms. Ultimately, strengthening the ICC is essential for ensuring accountability and preventing future international crimes.

Keywords: International Criminal Court, International Criminal Law, International Crimes, Genocide, Crimes Against Humanity, War Crimes, Criminal Accountability, International Justice, Rome Statute, State Cooperation, Human Rights Protection, International Jurisdiction