Proceedings of the 2nd International Education Conference
Year: 2024
DOI:
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Transition To Adulthood In Autism Spectrum Disorder: Exploring Demographic And Clinical Features, Academic And Employment Engagement Among Subjects Aged 16-22 Years
Vasta, D.Tripaldella, C. Isaia, S. Cinot
ABSTRACT:
Autism Spectrum Disorder (ASD) presents unique challenges during the transition from adolescence to adulthood. This phase is crucial as individuals face developmental, emotional, and social changes, requiring specialized health and social care often lacking in continuity and adaptability to adult needs. This study aims to explore the transition for young adults with ASD, aged 16 to 22, from pediatric to adult services, focusing on their clinical profiles, cognitive abilities, personal independence, and communication skills. Additionally, the study examines academic and employment engagement, treatment approaches including psychotherapy, pharmacological interventions, and recreational activities. A total of 209 participants (average age 17) were evaluated. Data collection included anamnestic and socio-demographic information, cognitive assessments (Wechsler scales, Leiter-R scale), adaptive functioning (ABAS II), and a questionnaire on transition-related expectations and concerns. The study revealed that 40% of subjects with ASD had an Intellectual Disability, and aggressive behaviors were present in 50% of cases. Pharmacological therapy was common, used by 55%, while sleep disorders affected 44%, highlighting the necessity for targeted treatment. Regarding education, 54% of subjects attended high school, 6% attended university, but 32% were not engaged in any school activities. Furthermore, 82% of patients had never completed a professional training course, and only 5% were currently employed in paid work. The findings underscore the need for tailored approaches due to the diverse cognitive and adaptive functioning of individuals with ASD. The lack of specialized adult ASD centers contributes to a loss of diagnostic and therapeutic specificity during this transition. This study highlights the necessity for a sustainable, inclusive model in the Italian healthcare system to ensure continuity and appropriateness of care, emphasizing the importance of vocational training and employment opportunities for individuals with ASD.
keywords: Autism Spectrum Disorder (ASD); Transition; Vocational Training; Employment Engagement; Cognitive and Adaptive Functioning