Personality, Perception, and Cultural Adaptation: A Scoping Review of Interpersonal Dynamics in Cross-Cultural Contexts

Abstract

This scoping review explores the interconnected roles of personality traits, perception, and cultural adaptation theory in the context of adapting to new cultural environments. With increasing cross-cultural mobility due to globalization, understanding the psychological mechanisms that facilitate cultural adaptation is important. Using the PRISMA-ScR framework, the review systematically identifies, and analyses studies published from 2000 to 2023, revealing key themes in the literature. The findings indicate that personality traits, particularly openness to experience, extraversion, and emotional stability, significantly influence individuals’ approaches to cultural adaptation. Those high in openness demonstrate greater curiosity and acceptance of cultural differences, while extroverts typically build stronger social networks that aid in adaptation. Furthermore, perception plays a critical role in shaping individuals' experiences, positive perceptions of the host culture correlate with smoother adaptation processes. The review also highlights the significance of cultural adaptation theory, particularly Berry’s Acculturation Model, which emphasizes the interplay between individual and contextual factors in adaptation outcomes. Limitations of existing research include a focus on Western contexts and a reliance on cross-sectional studies, which constrain the understanding of long-term adaptation processes. Future research directions include longitudinal studies, cross-cultural comparisons, and interventions tailored to personality traits and perceptual tendencies. This review contributes to a deeper understanding of the psychological processes involved in cultural adaptation, offering a foundation for developing effective strategies to support individuals in navigating the complexities of cross-cultural transitions.