China’s Economic Engagement in Africa: A Study of Neo-Colonialism vs. Development Partnership

Abstract

This study investigates whether China’s African engagement represents neo-colonialism or a mutually beneficial partnership. Utilizing a mixed-methods approach, it analyses quantitative data on trade and investments alongside qualitative insights from interviews with African policymakers, business leaders, and civil society. The analysis focuses on trade volumes, investment trends, and the financial terms of Chinese loans and aid. Key findings reveal a significant increase in Sino-African trade, rising from $10 billion in 2000 to $200 billion in 2019, and Chinese investments surpassing $49 billion in 2020. Infrastructure projects like roads and railways are juxtaposed with challenges like debt dependency and labour exploitation. Case studies from Zambia, Angola, and Ethiopia illustrate these dynamics. The conclusion emphasizes the need for policies that ensure transparency, equitable terms, and sustainable development, ensuring China-Africa relations foster long-term growth while mitigating concerns about sovereignty and debt.