From Grassroots to Policy Kodomo-Shokudo (Children’s Cafeterias) Coordinators and the Making of an Inclusive Place for Everyone

Abstract

This study analyses the development and expansion of Kodomo-Shokudo (children’s cafeterias) in Japan, examining them within international initiatives to support children and youth. Kodomo-Shokudo is a grassroots, community-based initiative that primarily offers free or low-cost meals to children, addressing child poverty and food insecurity. These cafeterias have evolved beyond basic food provision, increasingly vital community hubs that foster social inclusion, provide a sense of belonging (‘Ibasho’) and create intergenerational connections. This study employs a mixed-methods approach, including a comparative analysis of international children and youth support programmes, to identify similarities and unique aspects of the Kodomo-Shokudo model. This analysis draws on the existing literature and data from public institutions and relevant organisations. This study also incorporates qualitative research, semi-structured interviews with practitioners and support members, and participant observation in Kodomo-Shokudo and support organisations. The findings reveal that Kodomo-Shokudo shares common goals with international programmes addressing child food insecurity and offering after-school activities. Nevertheless, they are distinguished by their strong emphasis on community-led initiatives, multi-generational interaction, and the concept of ‘ibasho’—a place where individuals can feel truly comfortable and accepted. This study identifies key characteristics of Kodomo-Shokudo organisers as social innovators, emphasising empathy, social responsibility, inclusivity, and altruistic leadership. The concept of ‘response-ability’ is introduced to understand their active engagement, ethical orientation, and relational approach to addressing community needs.