Technology and Student Well-being: Exploring the Benefits and Risks of Digital Device Use

Abstract

The increasing integration of digital devices into students' academic and social lives has raised concerns regarding their impact on health, behavior, and well-being. This systematic review synthesizes findings from 23 empirical studies published between 2000 and 2023 to examine the psychological, physical, social, and academic consequences of digital device use among students. Adhering to PRISMA-ScR (2018) guidelines, studies were selected from databases such as PubMed, PsycINFO, and Web of Science. The analysis revealed that moderate technological use (under 2 hours per day) was associated with positive social interactions and emotional well-being, while excessive use (over 4 hours per day) correlated with adverse psychological effects, including anxiety, depression, and emotional dysregulation. Prolonged screen exposure was linked to sleep disturbances and an increased risk of obesity. Additionally, frequent engagement with digital devices negatively impacted academic performance, with multitasking and excessive social media use reducing attention and learning efficiency. Gaming addiction was associated with heightened impulsivity and aggression, while overuse of digital devices hindered face-to-face communication skills. However, structured regulations of device use in educational settings improved academic outcomes and digital literacy. These findings highlight the importance of balanced digital engagement and the need for policies promoting responsible device use. Future research should explore the long-term effects of digital consumption and consider socio-demographic factors influencing student well-being.