Journal of Advanced Research in Social Sciences

Argentine Chaotic Term Length Series in an American Historical Context

2022-11-21T05:35:19+00:00

The political stability of a government depends on the norms that come from a state of rights. Several metrics have been proposed to measure political stability, but they must be applied carefully to individual countries or to compare countries. In the related literature the cultural factors are not directly considered and are limited to quantifying their practical effects. Concepts such as contempt for authority have not been directly quantified. This study proposes indicators that account for the cultural concept of contempt for authority and permit a rapid quantitative and visual analysis of the political stability of a country or province throughout its history. A specific historical analysis for the Republic of Argentina between the 16th and 21st centuries was realized. The results found indicate 1) the permanence of socially toxic behavior patterns in Argentina and other Latin American countries, 2) that inherited cultural causes could explain the high political instability in Argentina over the last 500 years and 3) a succession of singles term length by ruler during decades could be used to stabilize a country.

The Role of Digital Journalism in Framing the Issue of Child Marriage in Jordan

2023-01-02T06:03:53+00:00

There is a dearth of academic studies focusing on the role of mass communication in combating issues related to child marriage. The present study examines the role of the Alrai news website in framing the news about early marriages in Jordan in terms of providing information that contributes to raising awareness of this issue and identifying the motives that prompted the Jordanian legislation to allow marriage for those under 18 years of age. The study examines whether child marriage causes an increase in the rate of psychological and physical abuse of girls while tracking the causes of the prevalence of child marriage in Jordan. It also monitors the role of news platforms in covering the contributions of human rights activists in providing solutions and suggestions to limit the spread of this issue and empower girls to overcome the consequences of marriage at an early age. A descriptive approach using quantitative content analysis was adopted to examine the press’s role in framing the issue of child marriage in 2019, 2020, and 2021. The results of the frame analysis for Al-Rai news website showed that victims of child marriage are exposed to physical and psychological violence, deprivation of education, early divorce, unplanned pregnancy, restricting girls’ freedom of choice, employment, and economic empowerment. This shows the position of the Al-Rai newspaper website towards the issue of child marriage, focusing on the multiplicity of negative effects of this type of marriage and reducing the focus on the negative effects of it. Moreover, the reasons for the enactment of the Jordanian legislation stating the legal age for marriage to be 15 years were found to be obscure.

Beyond Comparative Poetics: An Evaluation of The Nucleo-genre Paradigm

2023-01-09T08:29:20+00:00

The dominance of Western theories in an age of globalization and swift technological advances, which brought to collective consciousness manifestations of literary and artistic genres in distant geographical places that were once viewed as primitive or exotic, necessitates raising the question of comparative poetics anew. During the second half of the twentieth century, scholars such as James J.Y. Liu, Earl Miner, Stephen Owen, and Wai-lim Yip engaged in comparing Western to Eastern poetics. However, their work fell short of reaching a unifying approach to the study of world poetics. This is the gap that Alaa Abd al-Hadi, a thinker, poet and postcolonial critic, came to fill out. Abd al-Hadi’s Nucleo-genre Paradigm is universally oriented. Based on qualitative logic and Lutfi Zadeh's fuzzy sets, it posits that there are essential elements common to various cultural manifestations of a single genre across time and space. It is these common elements, which help decide whether a certain manifestation belongs to a certain genre, that allow for cross cultural communication and understanding while respecting cultural specificities, manifested by an infinite number of aesthetic elements. Unlike the other approaches to the field of comparative poetics, Nucleo-genre Paradigm distinguishes between two levels of genre, the poetic level of production and the aesthetic level of reception, and gives primacy to reception, which is often disregarded in genre theories. In this paper, an attempt is made to evaluate the contribution of the Nucleo-genre Paradigm beyond comparative poetics.

Workplace Spirituality: Exploring the Meaning and Purpose of Life Through Work

2023-01-02T06:28:00+00:00

There is enormous literature citing the importance of workplace spirituality. This article focuses on the concept of spirituality and to understand its role in workplace using narrative review methodology. A few definitions of spirituality and workplace spirituality are examined and common features in those definitions are identified. Existing literature on why spirituality at workplace is vital is reviewed. The arguments against and for the workplace spirituality are expressed. The core purpose of the paper is to understand the concept of spirituality and how it manifests at the workspace, whether it should be nurtured or discouraged with respect to its impact on the employee and the organisation (consequentialist framework) or because of the individuals search for meaning, purpose, transcendence and divinity (spiritual-philosophical framework).The result indicate that spiritual-philosophical framework should be the primary reason for organisations to promote workplace spirituality. The reasons for, and implications of the same are discussed.

Twitter Sentiment Analysis of Lagos State 2023 Gubernatorial Election Using BERT

2023-04-08T12:20:31+00:00

Many cutting-edge language models have been used in the past to forecast election results. Sentiment analysis aids in opinion mining – a common experiment used to detect public opinions – on a given topic. Twitter has gained popularity and established itself as a crucial instrument for analyzing public opinion on elections and other trending issues. The unexpected but interesting results of recently held Nigeria's presidential election shifted attention to the upcoming governorship race in Lagos State. In this work, we propose a Google’s Bidirectional Encoder Representations from Transformers (BERT) model for the sentiment analysis of governorship election in Lagos State, Nigeria, using Twitter data. A total of 800,000 personal and public tweets were scraped from twitter concerning the three prominent contesting Lagos State Gubernatorial candidates using carefully selected search queries. The tweets were preprocessed to avoid noise and inconsistencies and the preprocessed tweets were parsed into the pre-trained and finetuned BERT model. The result was analyzed to establish the sentiments of the public about the candidates. The social networks of the candidates were also presented and the effect of parameter using different learning rates (LR) was also considered. The BERT model achieved the maximum performance under varied learning rate and epoch sizes of 88% precision, 92% recall and 91% F1-Measure. Results also showed that the learning rate at 1e-7 gave the best performance. Also, the smaller the learning rate, the higher the accuracy but the larger the epoch size, the higher the accuracy. Applying the developed BERT model to the public’s tweet showed that the election will be a two-party race between the Labour Party and All Progressives Congress party, thereby challenging the status quo. The results of the experiment demonstrated that sentiment analysis and other Natural Language Processing activities can help with comprehension of the social media environment. Results also showed how much influence each candidate has over the outcome of the election. We come to the conclusion that estimating election results and providing insights for electoral parties can benefit from sentiment analysis and other language models.

Human Intelligence versus AI: Implications for Emotional Aspects of Human Communication

2023-04-17T11:09:48+00:00

The affective computing approach of artificial intelligence has made it possible for machines to not only think, behave and communicate like humans, but to also emote like humans. This dimension of AI is substituting human capacities due to its benefits in diverse spheres of life. While studies abound in the comparison between AI and human intelligence in terms of their cognitive capacities, very few have focused on the emotional aspect. This study therefore, utilized secondary data by reviewing empirical studies to examine the implications of AI in the emotional aspects of human communication. The study is anchored on basic emotion theory and technological determinism which enunciate the fundamentals of emotional AI and its effects. The paper argues that the complexity and subjectivity of human intelligence and emotion cannot be adequately replicated by AI as it lacks innate emotion and the ability to understand abstracts. It recommends media literacy skills for users and ethical guidance for technological companies designing AI to ensure it is less detrimental to human and the society.